Cementing tool



Nov. 20, 1951 c. c. TAYLOR Erm.

CEMENTING TOOL INVENTORS.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l Filed Feb. l, 1946 Mii? C. C. TAYLOR ETAL Nov, 20,`1951 CEMENTING TOOL 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed Feb. l, 1946 BY @t ama-,f

WAN.

Patented Nov. 20,` 1951 CEMENTING TOOL.

Claude CL Taylor, Long Beach, and Edgar W."Mc

Gaiey, Oildale, Calif., assvigfnorsI to McGaieyn Taylor Corporation,Long Beach, Calif., arcor;- poration of California v ApplicationFebruary 1, 1946,'Serial No. 644,900

(Cl. 16S-...11)

18 Claims.

This invention relates to a tool for use in connection with oilwell'cementing operations.

It is. known to provide tools for such operations which comprise opposedspaced packers on a body carried by a tubing string, extending tothemouth of the well, for forming a pressure chamber in the well casing.Thus, cement slurry or other uid maybe pumped from the surface of theground to the chamber yand out through perforatlons or openings inthat'portion'of Vthe-wall of the casing surrounding the chamber.

It is an object of this invention to provide such a tool having` meanslforming a by-pass for well fluid to pass thel tooleitheras the tool isrun inthe hole or as it is brought out of the hole;

It is anotherobject of'this invention to provide such a tool havingmeans for optionally preventing passage of fluid upwardly pastthe tool.

It is another object of this invention to provide such a tool havingmeans providing an opening from the pressure chamber to the space in thecasing, outside this chamber which may optionally be opened or closed.

It is another object of this invention to provide such a tool havingmeans for preventing -release of fluid from the pressure chamber whilepermitting iluid to by-passy the tool in either` direction.

It is another object'of'this invention ton provide such a tool havingmeans'for preventing release of fluid" from the pressure chamber andsimultaneously preventing upward ow of fluid past the tool.

It is another object of thisA invention-to provide such a tool havingmeans for releasing iiuid from the pressure chamber andsimultaneouslypermitting fluid to by-pass the toolin either direction.

It is another object of this invention to provide such a tool arrangedto'be restrained against up ward movement in the well due to excesspressure below the tool.

It is another object of this invention to provide a tool capable ofperforming' cementing operations oi the type known as squeeze jobs..

-It is another object of this invention to. providesuch a tool adaptedVto perform successively cementing operations-at diierent zones inthewell and under different conditions without the necessity of pullingthe tubing string andthe tool from the well between successiveoperations.

It. is still another object of this invention to provide such a tooladapted for use in. cleaningor washing surplus cement from the wellandfrom thetool after a cementing job, optionally either by circulatingdown the tubing-string .and up.y the casing, or by reverse circulationdown the casing and up. the tubing string.

Thisinvention possesses many'other advantages, and has other objectsYwhich may be made more easily apparent'from` a consideration of `oneembodiment ofxtheinvention. For this purpose. there is: shown a forminthe drawings accompanying andforming part of `thepresentspeciflcation; Thisfform, which illustrates the general principles.ofthe invention, will now be described in detail; .but` it is to beunderstood that this detaileddescriptionis not'l to be taken in a'limiting sense,` since. the scope ofv the'invention' is'best' dened bythe appended claims.

In the, drawings:

Figure 1 is an axial section of: a tool incor' porating the'features ofthe invention, positioned in a well casing; v

FigureZ' is a fragmentary section showingy the upper portion ofthe tool,on'an enlarged scale;

Figure .3; is a similar section showing the lowerv portion ofthe tool;

Figure. 4' is a fragmentaryv detail section taken as indicated by lineV4'4 on Figure 2i Figurei5 is a view similar to VFigure 3 but showingA adifferent operating position of the. parts;

Figure 6' is a view similarzto Figure 2 but showingr adifferentoperating position of the parts;

and,`

Figures '7, 8 and` 9 arek viewssimilar to Figure' 3 but showingfotheroperating'positions of the parts.v

Referring` particularly to Figures l and 3, of the drawings',the'tool'is shownv as comprisingV an elongated, generally cylindricalhollow body I supported for movement in the well casing 2 by means: ofva string of tubingr3 which extends: to the mouth'of the Well. The bodyI has a downward" tubular extension d'fto which are secured conventionalpackers 5 and 6, spaced axiallyr along the extensiondi'and" cooperatingwith lthe casing2 to form a confined spaceeorpressure' chamber 1 aboutthe extensionzt. A supplementary upwardly directed packer Fj-a isrprovided on thefextension Yltjust `above the upper packeri', for apurpose `tobe later pointed out. s

Means are providedv forming a rst passage or a byepass to permit fluid:in the'casing to ow upwardly ory downwardly in the casingi2 past the.packers 5 ande and the confined space 1, Forvv this purpose a wall -orpartition 8 is provident` which separates the interior of the body Ifromtheyinterior of the extension 4., and ports- Sandl are provided inthe wall ofthe extension respectively above the uppermost packer ingstring 3 and the restricted space or pressureV chamber 1, as well aswith the space the casing 2 below the lower packer 6. For vthis purpose,the partition 8 is provided with an opening S-a from which a tube orcnfduitv II leads to a port I2 in the wall of the extension 4 below theupper packer 5 and opening into the space 1. wall of the extension 4above the lowerpacker 6 and communicates with a port I4 below'the n tubeor conduit I 5.

As is well understood, the use of such a' tool involves the positioningof the pressure chamber 1 in the casing 2 so as to communicate withperforations provided in the casing wall. Since it may be desired tovary the space between the packers 5 and B to provide a pressure chamber1 having a length in accordance with the length of the perforatedportion of the casing, the body extension 4 is formed of 'an uppersectionl 4-a and a lower section 4-b ysecured together as by a threadedcoupling member I6. By substituting coupling members I6 of suitablelengths, the lengthof the chamber 1 may be altered as desired.

Valve means 20 are provided for controlling the rst and second passages,and .comprises a sleeve 2I freely slidable on the extension 4 below thelower packer 6. Thus, sleeve 2| has anV annular space or chamber 22surrounding the extension 4, sealed lfrom the casing space by suitablepacking means 23 and 24 at the opposite ends of the sleeve 2l. Thelength of the sleeve 2| is such that, by appropriate positioning of thesleeve on the extension, either or both of ports I and I4 may becovered, thus interrupting communication between the iirst or secondpassage or both, and the casing space below the lower packer 6.Furthermore, the annular space 22 is such that the valve may serveoptionally when communication between the rst -and second passages andthe space below the packer is interrupted, to bridge Athe ports I0 andI4, thereby establishing communication between the rst and secondpassages (see Figure 7).

The sleeve 2| carries a plurality of conven-A tional friction or bowsprings 25 adapted to frictionally engage the wall of the casing 2 andrestrain axial movement of the sleeve 2| therein. In this way,appropriate movement cf the body I with respect to the casing 2 servesto operate the valve 20 as desired.

A supplemental valve structure 21 is provided at the lower end of theextension 4 to permit discharge of fluid from the casing above pack ersand 5-a down through the bypass to space below the packers independentlyof port I0. Thus, the lower end of the interior of the extension 4 isreduced to provide a port 28 'surrounded by a downwardly facing valveseat 2,9 toward-Which a closure member 33 is urged by a compressionspring 3| VA conventional shoe 32 'is threaded on the lower end of theextension 4.

packer 6 and spaced above the ports I0, by a The tool as so fardescribed is a complete operative structure which is perfectlysatisfactory for many conditions of operation. However, it may bedesirable to provide means insuring against the tool and the tubingstring 3 being forced upwardly in the casing 2 as by pressure in thecasing below the bottom packer. For this purpose, the body I isconnected to a tubular mandrel 35 (see Figures l and 2) which in turn isconnected to the tubing string 3 by means of a sub or coupling member33. The body I and the mandrel 35 are connected for limited relativemovement by means of an inverted L slot 31 formed in the body l and aAnother port I3 is provided in' the Y pin 38 carried by the mandrel 35.

The body I just above the extension 4 has a bore 39 forming a cylinderfor accommodating a packed head 4I] formed on the lower end of themandrel 35. In this way, leakage between the casing space and theinterior of the body is prevented.

Conventional friction or bow springs 42 are provided on the body I forfrictionaliy engaging the casing 2, thus restraining movement of thebody I and enabling manipulation of the lock' means 31 and 33 byappropriate movement of the mandrel 35.

The body I above the bow springs 42 is enlarged to provide a bowl 43,having a plurality of openings 44 extending through its wall, in whichslips 45 are mounted for movement toward and away from the casing 2. Theslips all are slidably attached in a known manner to upwardly andoutwardly inclined surfaces 45 formed on a slip head 41, carried on themandrel 35. The slip head 41 is mounted for free rotary movement andlimited axial movement with respect to the mandrel 35, the axialmovement being limited by means of lost motion connection 48 comprisingmeans forming a iiange 43 on the mandrel 35 confined between axiallyspaced shoulders 5B and 5I on the slip head @1.

This lost motion connection 48 insures locking of the body I and themandrel 35 against rela tive rotation by means of the lock 31E- 3Bbefore the slips 45 engage the casing. Thus, referring to Figure 2, itwill be seen that relative axial motion between the body I carrying theslip bowl 43 and slip head 41 is prevented as long as pin 38 is in thehorizontal part 31-a of the inverted L slot 31. After rotation of themandrel 35 to align pin 38 with the vertical portion 31-11 of the slot31, relative movement of the mandrel 35 downwardly of the body I willnot expand the slips 44 until such movement is suicient to cause theflange 49 to engage the shoulder 5I on the slip head 41. Such movementof the mandrel. 35, however serves to move the pin 38 into the' verticalslot 31-b so that the mandrel 35 and the body I are locked againstrelative rotation. Further downward movement oi the mandrel 35 withrespect to the body I will then serve to expand the slips.

The bowl 43 is extended a substantial distance above the slip head 41 toprovide a cylinder 52, closed at its upper end by a head 53, having anopening 54 for slidably accommodating the upper portion of the mandrel35. A piston 55 is provided on the mandrel 35 for sealing against thewalls of the cylinder 52 and cooperating with the cylinder to form anexpansible pressure space 56. Conventional packing 51 is provided inopening 54 for sealing against the mandrel 35. The piston 55 is sealedagainst passage of fluid pres sure either into or out of the space 56 asby a amamos;

5; pair-'of'oppostelysdirectedpackersor-:cup"leatheersaSsand ,591.

Fluid underfpressureefromztlie'etubingy,stringi 3 enterszthezcylinderspace. throughonefi-ormore ports 3 liIJeprovided: inthesmandrelf irland-.is 1preevented efrom' iescapng past-sialic-tpistonjjif the packer. 58.l Thezspacefbelow theT pistonniffisfin; freecommunicationwithztheicasingjspaceiabovej thefupptrpacker"'5.a"asabyf'ports' 6I 1 providedf-.inr; theslip bowl 43."v

The. operation. of they tooll may? now bei". discussed. The toolv is:4lowered in l the-j casing: 21' by; means oftheftubing.y the bodyIiandmandrel 35fbeing 1 locked against :relativer axial movement?vbyfthe engagement lof :the pinBB dn'zthehoriontal portion131-of .theslot .31; All lpartszarefinzthe 1 relative :positions ofFigures `l1,.Zlandx. :3i-the .valve 2|)` being` urged upwardly tappen; IGI: an I4: bythe.; drag vfof thefffi'iction. springs 25 on .thefcasing. Fluid belowYthe f tool f. is ".fthusz; permitted 1 to i enter` the f extension. 4'rthrough'. theiport I0 below the lowerxpacker 6, passingjupwardlyad, jout` into the'casing through. the-ipert- 9 above, the Y- upper packerLa. thus.` bi1-passing; thev packers" 5La, 5 and E by thepreviouslydescribed flistpa's/f sage, and as indicated -`by;.i;heffullline= arrowspin' Figure 3; .v v

The tool Yislovvered Lto za point inrthe-:welljcasing 2 .wherethezpressure chamber T-fis-asui'tahIe, predetermined? distancea belowthe perforatonsz 2a; providedA in*` the casing, 2' for. establish'ilia`e omrnunic'zation.V with the. space :in f the well boreoutsideuthecasing;tand` circulationl is established fromr the. mouth oflthe-- well-Y 'as by pumping?v cement slurry down the-tubingstring 3;cement slurry. passes. downwardly: through the tubular. mandrel;y 35iandi the previouslyj menel tioned second passager,comprisingzportVk-agconeduit' I `I y,port I 2; .pressurechamberf!r',port I 3, con?vduit. l5, e andport; I4finto the?. casinglb'elowv the. packerV 6. asindicated by the.' brokenearrows in', Figure 3.- Well` fluid isfforcedpah'eadi offthelcement, slurry upwardly: pastlthepacliers lp; andE.. throughr therstpassage; Thus; it` enters.' the body, extensic'miv 4,.throughzpertlllbwsup; wardly in. the. extension andireturns: to` 'theAcasingspacethroughuportis; V. 'Y Y;

After circulationliajs been; establisliechandceement slurry-has reached'I the -tool iaszdeterxnined by appropriate measurements, the tubing:r.S isH u turnedto the right to locate' pii'38above1thevertical slot3'I-b' of the L`s1ot 3T. Inl this-position; the pin 38 Vstill preventscivmwardmpvement"ofY thebody I with res1'ie'ct`toth'emandiel;3511Thetoolis` then raisedv byv an amountequal-` yo tlieg previouslymentionedTpredeterminedlfdis so? that the pressure .chamber 1is" overYthe;v asing; perforations" 2-a.' The'. friction springs 2,5,i-,es`tiainthe valve 2 IJ againstfmovement with the tool; the" extension Y4 thusmoving-.upwardlywithrespectto* the rvalve 2D'so thatthe valvecloses-rtheoutlet; I4 of thesecondpassage; 'Iherelative-positions of;the parts-are now'as-'shown'in'f-Eigu the rstf passage; kay-passingV thepackers and'` 6i' being` open; Cementslurryffmaforceddownwardly throughVtlieff-tbin 1; andtiience` throughathe'-perirations outlet'I4 fromthe"pressure-space:isaclo A valvef.- The welluiddisplacedfbyth ementfreely. passesupwasrdly through .thezportsl u; body; 70*

an'` additionali distancezto: causes thefvalvev7 2f to assume..A the.:position: of; Figurer 8i.v and.- close? pg'irV I u 'i asf4 well as 2portY I4 from communication-with theft interior.` of the casing 3 belowf the packerr- 6; Y aswell as preventing communication betweenithe.ports; Underfsuch :a condition; the cement'fpassingfjthrough fthe;vp'erforations I v into @the ,fslzgacev restrained bythe-friction springsI42. Thisauses grip-the casing 2,' (see-Figure 6) Pressure'. built" upbelow 'thettool -urges'thefbody I the-.slipjbowl 43.4andatheeslips-45upwardly with respect-.to fthe tubing' 3*'and's1ipghead41, which arerestrained against upward` movement 'by thevveightfofrthetubing string 3.` This-weight is augmentedby the pressure-:ofithefcement slurry. or otheizuid in the tubing 3 which is eiective inspaceiwia. ports .60 to .-urge .the tube 35. downwardly against the.slip" head: 41. The vslips are. thus. caused. tow grip the casing.`2-more tightlyas the pressureibelow` the tool increases.

After a Acementing -jobit isnecessary to .remove the cement from Withinand about thetool be-` fore .ithardens or sets. The usual method is byreverse circulation, sometimescalledback scuttling. Toperformthisoperation, the tubing 3V and mandrelv 35 are raised withfrespect to thebodyA Luntil the pin 38 engages the top ofthe slot 31;v This-movementcauses-- the slips45to be.- retracted and to release the.casing,Y The mandrel 35 is then turned ina left-,hand direction Vtocausepin 38 to enter the horizontal slot 31-a, .locking the slips45inreleased position. The tool is then raised or loweredv until thepressurechamber. 7. is outA of communication. with the. perforations2-a,. which .movement also serves to. cause the. valve. 2Il.to.` uncoverports. In. and I4, sincethe. valveis restrainedffrom movementbythe-springs 2.52.. If.the.tool slowered, the. valve 20 will be in. thefull' lineV position. of 'Figure 3'; if.' the 1 tool'israised1the.valve12ll willbe inthe broken line position;

Wateror mud laden fluidisthen forced`d0W11 the. casing `2zoutside of thetubing 3, into ports 9 down extension 4, into the casing space below thepacker'and thence into the port I4, through conduit I5; port'I3',,pressurechamber'l port I2, conduitl I, port ea, mandrel 35and'tubing-'3 to th'e'mouthof thewell.

Y The supplemental'valve 21 insures, clearing'of* therlower end ofthe'extensionf4, since'suiiicient" circulation pressure as justdescribed may be built` up in theextension 4 to open thisvalve,permittingsome of the circulation fluid to passdownwardly Aoutof vthe'extension and thence upwardly through port; I4'. This -valve alsopermits backr scuttlingl" operation inthe eventv that thevalvetv 201shouldibecomefstuck'in aposition'closingportsfv II)A and*` I4; In" suchcase; the'circulationV fluidvk l The pistontlmustabe arranged'.to;.prevent flow.`

upwardlyeas'zwelkas `downwardly `past .theppistom otherwise; reverse.circulation could.; enter;A ports.` 1 Gipow upwardly past. piston 5.5?andi. thence'l 7 enter" th -tubings'trir'ig 3, throughports 60; I fthis. were permitted' to occur obviously'the tool would not be freed ofcement. Similarly; the upwardly facing packing E-a prevents reversecirculation from entering the pressure chamber 'I'past the upper packer5 thereof and returning tothe tubing 3 via the port I2 without cleaningthe lower portion of the tool. l

AlIlf equipment is not available for such reverse circulation, thecleaning operation can be perf formed in the more conventional manner orcirculating down the tubing 3 and up in the casing 2 outside the tubing.For such an operation, the tool must be manipulated in the casing 2 toposition the valve l20 to connect ports I E! and I4 asshown in Figure 7.Circulation uid is forced downwardly in tubing string 3,V mandrel 35,thence through port B-a, conduit II, port I2, pressure chamber 'I, portI3, conduit`V I5, and port I4 into the annular cavity 22 in valve 20.From this cavity 22 it enters the body'extension 4 through the port Ill,and through the port-9" into the casing 2, whence it returns to themouth of the well. v

The tool is also adapted for use as a squeeze tool. Thus, bysetting thetool so that the valve 2i] is positioned to cover the ports IE) but notport I4, as shown in Figure 9, the lower packer 6 is renderedinoperative by the by-pass tube i5. In this case, cement slurry can bepumped down the tubing 3 out port I2 into the pressure space l, thenceinto port I3 down the bypass I5 and lout the port I4 or what has beentermed the second passage. Upward escape ci the cement slurry via portsI and the rst passage is prevented, since the ports I!) are closed.Excess cement can be washed either the long way or the short way aspreviously described.

l. In a well toolra body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing against the casing to form a pressurechamber extending about the body; means forming a passage 'extendingthrough said body and opening into the interiori of the' casing outsidethe body vabove and below said chamber for oy-passing said packingmeans; means on thebody forming a pair of passages,

one passage of said pair communicating with said tubing string and saidchamber, the other passage of said pair communicating with said4 chamberand an opening through the wall of the body below the lower packingmeans; saidv pair of passages being sealed from each other, andiromfsaid by-pass passage, to prevent fluid flow therebetween within thebody; said pair of passages being communicative with each other.exteriorly of said `body when said packing means are sealed against thewell casing, to pass fluid between said tubing string and the interiorof the. casing outside the body below said chamber;` and valve meansshiftably mounted on said bodyfor operation in response to the movementof the body in the casing for selectively controlling fluid flow-throughsaid by-pass -and oneof said pair of passages.

v2. In awell tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string for'positioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing against the casing to form a pressurechamber extending about the body; `means forming a passage extendingthrough said body between an opening through the4 Wall of the body abovethe upper packing atrasos means and a' port in1thewal1 oi the b odybelow the lower packing means for bypassing said packing means; meansforming a pair' of passages, 'onerpas'sa'ge of said pair extendingthrough said body-'for'communicating said tubing string with an'Aopening into -said chamber, the other passage of said pairextendingthrough said body for' communicating'` another opening intosaid chamber with apo'rt in the'wall of the Ybody below the lowerpacking means, said pair of passages beinglse'aled from each other andfrom said by-pass passage, to prevent uid now therebetween withinthe`body;`said pair of passages being communicative with each otherexteriorly of said body wheny said packing means are sealed against thewell casing, to pass fluid between said tubing string and the'interiorof the casing outside the'bodybelow the lower packing means; said portsbeing axially spacedA along said body; a valve "member axially movableon said body for selectively'controlling said-ports; and meansIon'l'said-fvalve' member for frictionally engaging they easing wherebysaid valve member is adapted to ated on response to the movement o fsajidfbedy 1n"tlie-casing'. 3;"Inwell tool:Y a body adapted for connec-vtion to a tubing string for positioning in a well casing; a pair'ofvertically spaced packing means carried by the body y'forsealing'fagainst the casing to form a pressure chamber extending aboutthe body; means forming a passage extending through said bodybetween anopening through the wall of the body above 4the upper packing meansandaupo'rt in th'e Wall of the body below the lower packing means :forby-passing said packing means; means forming'a pair of passages, onepassage of said pair extending through said body for communicatingsaidtubing string with anopening into said chamber, the other passage of said pairextending through said body forcommunicating Aanother openinginto saidV chamberwith a port inthe wall of the body below the lowerpacking means,A said ports being axially spaced along. said body; saidpair of passagesl beingwsealed Qfromeach other and from said by-passpassage, tov prevent ,iiuidilow there-4 between within the body;saidpairof passages being communicatvewith.each other exteriorly of saidbody when said vpackingineans are sealed against the well casing, topass fluid between said tubing string, and the interior of 'the casingoutside the body below said lower packing means; a valve sleevelslidableon said body, having axially spacedv portions.,4 sealing against saidbody, said sleeve forming with said body and between saidv spacedportions ,acharnben said sleeve being op. tionally positionable withsaid chamber overlying. said ports and providing ycommunicationtherebetween or overlying either port and nterrupting .communicationbetween such port and the interior of the casing outside the tool.

4. In agwell tool;- a body adapted for connection to a tubingstri-ng for positioning in a well casing; a pair of verticallyjspaced packingmeans carried by the bodylfor sea-ling against the casing to form apressure chamber extending about the body:

means forming a passage 'extending through said body, between an openingthrough the wall kof* the body above thegupper packing means and a;

port in the wallof the body below=the lower packing means.4forbyepass-ing said packing means;

meansforminga pairglof passages, one passage of said pair extendingthrough said body for communicating said .tubing string with an openinginto 'said-chamber, the other passage of said pair extending throughHsaid body Sforcommunieating another opening into said chamber with aport in the wall of the-body belowthe lower packing means, said.portsbeing axially spaced along said body; saidpair of passages .beingsealedffrom each other and from-said by-'pass passage, to prevent fluidow therebetween within the body, said pairof passages beingvcommunicative with each other exteriorly of said bodyiwhen said packingmeans fare. sealedragainst thel well casing, to pass fluid betweenv saidtubing string and the interior of the casing outside thembody'` belowsaid lower packingvmeans; -valve -means shiftably mounted on the bodyfor :selectively controlling said by-pass Vand one of saidgpair `ofpassages, operated inY response the movementaof the body in the casing;and `supplementalyalve means positioned in and for dischargingfluidunder pressure from one of vsaid. passages.

5. In a Well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string for.positioning ina well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meansAcarried by the body 'for sealing against `the casing to form a pressurechamber extending about the body; means forming La first passageextending through said body between van opening through the wall ofthebody above the upper packing means `and ,alport-in the wall of ythe bodybelow the lower packing means for by-passing said packing means; meansforming a pair of passages, one passage of said pair extendingthroughsaid body for'zcommunicating fsaid' tubing string with an openinginto said chamber, the other passage of saidpair vextending, throughsaid body for Ycommunicating another opening into said chamber-with aport inthe Wallof the body below the'lower packing means, said pair ofpassages being vsealed from each other Vaand from said by-pass passage,to prevent fluid now therebetween within said body, saidportsfbeingaxially spaced along said body; said pair of passages being communicablewith teach fotherxexteriorly of said body whensaid packing means aresealed against the well casing, torpass; fluid betweensaid tubing stringand the interior of the casing outside thebody-below said lower packingmeans; a valve member .telescopically mounted on said body forslidingmovementito cover and uncoverv said ports; and aplurality of bowsprings on said valve member forfrictionally engaging the casing Aandrestraining said valve member against movement', whereby* movement ofsaid body relative .to said valve memberzoperates said valve membertocontrol said. ports.

6. In a well tool: a body; a tubular-,mandrel adapted for connection toa tubing StrngOI positioning in a well casing, Yand to whichv said bodyis secured for limited vertical movement, said body and said mandrelforming relatively movable members; locking means on said members foroptionally securing said members-together against relative movement; apair of vertically spaced packing meansj carried by the body for sealingagainst the casing to form ay pressure chamber extending about the body;means forming a passage inl said body extending from below the lowerpacking means -to above the upper packing means for by-passing fluidpast said spaced packing means; means forming a pairof passages, onepassage of said pair extending through said body for communicating saidtubing string with an opening into said chamber, the other passage ofsaid pair extending through said body for communicating an opening intosaid chamber withan opening `through the wallof therebetween-withinthebod-y, said pairl of pas--l sages being communicative 'with eachother-exteriorly -of tnefbod-y when said-packing means are tweensaidtubin'ga-string and-the interior of the casing'. outside` the'ibodybelo'w y'said lowerpacking means; -valve means `Ishiftably Amountedon said bodyv for operation; in response to theonoveme'nt of thebody in the -oasing for--selectiv`e1y'control-- ling oneof said l pair vofpassages and said i by#A pass pas'sage;:a-slip`v headion one 'of saidmem-- bers; and Aslips:carriedbyl the other member-for' movementoutward1y ,thereof: in response tti-irelativemovement between'thef-membersin one dire'ctionuto.y engage the casing and securethe toolag ainst'Y movement'` therein.

,'7. Inv a wellltoolr a: tubular :body adapted: for..connectionito;.aztubing .stringffor positioningin` a.we1lecasi ng;said-bodyincluding upper and lower sections `deta'chably.coupledl in uidtight relation; spaced. packing means respectively. carriedbysaidupper;andlower sections fonsealing against4 the. casingfgtol form.:a pressureschamber extending about said sections; there being anopening through ;tl1e,wall of :saidxbodyA abovestheupperpackingfmeansand a. port through the wall of -said lower sectionbelow the .lower vpacking means, `said ,fofpeninggand port .f-beingccommuma cable-with each other.. whereby said upperAv and lowersections provide a vlay-:pass:past the;f;pack ing means; means inAsaidtippensection forming.r a passageibetween communicating ,with thetubingstr ingi and s aidpre ssure chamber means said lower.sectionrorming,1a-passage between and vcommunieating with said-pressurechamber and ai second/:port infthepawallrof s aidglowersection ,belowlsaid lowe packing ,mean s, said passage forming means beinggsealedfromeachother and Afrom Said` fby-pass, :to prevent fluid flow4therebetween y within the body ;9,nd valve, means mOi/ablyy mounted,yonv said body:andY @paratodin responseto movementofsaid body. inthecasing for controllingsaid ports- 8. Ina yvell tool; abody,adapted forVconnec-ftion to a tubingzstring-for positioning-inra wellv Casing; aparir oivertically spaeedznackingmeans. Carried by thebodyiforsealingagainst the casing to forma pressure :chamberrextending,aboutthe body,l means forming a rst-fpassage ,extending through saidbody having-. an ,opening communicating withthe interior of ,-theecasingoutside, the body above the upper; packing meana--andcommunciatingwithvtheinterior .-of theecasingoutside the bodybelow-the lowernpackingmeans througha rst,port in the wall ofthe bodyrbelow the lowerApacking-meansmeans formi-nga pair of passages, fone V:of tsaid ppassages extending through said l body vbetween, and communicating withsaid tubing ,stringand said chamber; the other offsaid. pair Yofpassages; extending through said body from` said-chamber and;open-inginto the interior of the casing outside the body below the lowerpacking means through afsecondport in therwallof, thebodyfls'adportslbeingin spaced relation .on'said bo dy, said pairof-passages being sealed from eachother and :fromsaid. passage,towprevent fluid-,flow therebetweeniwithin said body; said pair, of 4passagesbeingfltzommunif cative exteriorly ofsaid-body when said packingmeans are. sealed against the rrwell .casing, to pass nuidbetween saidtubing stringandthe interior ofy the;ca'sing below-said,.chafnber; avalve ,meinel ber movably mounted on said body for selectivelycontrolling said ports; and means on said member rictionally engagingthe casing, whereby said member is operated in response to movement ofsaid body with respect to the casing.

9. In a well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing against the casing to form a pressurechamber extending about the body; means forming a first passageextending through said body havingan opening communicating with theinterior of the casing outside the body above the upper packing meansand communicating with the interior of Ythe casing outside the bodybelow the lower packing means through a rst port in the wall of the bodybelow the lower packing means; means forming a pair of passages,rone ofsaid passages extending through said body between and communicating withsaid tubing string and said chamber; the other ofrsaid pair of passagesextending through said body from said chamber and opening into theinterior of the casing outside the body below the lower packer through asecond port in the wall of the body, said ports being in spaced relationon said body, said pair of passages being sealed from each other andfrom said rst passage, to prevent fluid now therebetween within saidbody; said pair of passages being communicative exteriorly of said bodywhen said packing means are scaled against the well casing, to passfluid between said tubing string and the interior of the casing belowsaid chamber; a valve sleeve slidable on said body having axially spacedportions sealing against said body, said sleeve being spaced from thebody between said portions to provide therein between said portions asealed chamber adapted to establish communication between said portswhile said portions interrupt communication between said ports and theint'erior of the casing below said lower packing means in one positionof said sleeve, said axially spaced portions in other positions of saidsleeve interrupting communication between either or both of said portsand the chamber formed in said sleeve; and a plurality of elements onsaid sleeve frictionally engaging the casing, whereby said sleeve isoperated to control said ports in response to movement of said bodyrelative to said sleeve.

10. In a Well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing between the body and the casing to forma pressure chamber extending about the body; means forming a firstpassage extending through said body having an opening communicating withthe interior of the casing outside the body above the upper packingmeans and communicating with the interior of the casing outside the bodybelow the lower packing means through a ilrst port in the wall of thebody below the lower packing means; means forming a pair of passages,one of said passages extending through said body between andcommunicating with the tubing string and said chamber, the other of saidpair of passages extending through said body from said chamber andopening into the casing outside the body below the lower packing meansthrough a second port, said ports being in spaced relation on said body,said pair of passages being sealed fromV each other and from said firstpassage, to prevent 'uid ow therebetween within said`body; said pair ofpassages being communicative exteriorly of said body when said packingmeans are sealed against the well casing, to pass fluid between saidtubing string and the interior of the casing below said chamber; a valvemember movably mounted on said body for sliding movement to close andopen said ports; and a plurality of bow springs on said valve member forfrictionally engaging the casing and restraining said valve memberagainst movement, whereby movement of said body relative to the valvemember operates said valve memberv to control said ports.

,11. In a well tool; a mandrel adapted for connection to a tubing stringfor positioning in a well casing; a body, means connecting said bodyvand mandrel for relative vertical movement, a pair oi vertically spacedpacking means carried bythe bodyfor sealing against the casing. to forma pressure chamber extending about the body; means forming a rst passageextending through said body having an opening communieating with theinterior of the well casing outside the body above the upper packingmeans and communicating with the interior of the casing outside the bodybelow the lower packing means through a rst port in the wall of the bodybelow the lower packing means; means forming a pair of passages, one ofsaid passages extending through said body between and communicating withsaid tubing string and saidA chamber, the other of said pair of passagesextending through said body from said chamber and opening into theinterior oi the casing outside the body below the lower packing means,through a second port in the wall of the body, said ports being inspaced relation on said body; said pair of passages being sealed fromeach other and from said rst passage, to prevent fluid flow therebetweenwithin said body; said pair of passages being communicative exteriorlyof said body when said packing means are sealed against the well casing,to pass fluid between said tubing string and the interior of the casingbelow said chamber; a valve member movably mounted on said body forselectively controlling said ports; means on said valve memberfrictionally engaging the casing, whereby said valve member is operatedin response to movement of said body with respect to the casing; a sliphead on said mandrel; and slips carried by the body for movementoutwardly thereof to engage the casing in response to relative movementbetween the body and the mandrel in one direction, whereby to secure thetool against movement in the casing.

12. In a well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing between the body and the casing to forma pressure chamber extending about the body; means forming a firstpassage extending through said body having an opening communicating withthe interior of the casingI outside the body above the upper packingmeans and communicating with the interior of the casing outside the bodybelow the lower packing means through a rst port in the wall of the bodybelow the lower packing means; means forming a pair of passages, one ofsaid passages of said pair extending through said body and communicatingwith the tubing string and said chamber, the other passage of said pairextending through said body from said chammiramos i3 ber and openinginto'v theinterirrof the casing outside said body through a second portin the Wall of the body, said ports being 'in spaced relation on saidbody; saidpair of passages being sealed from each other andfrom 'saidfirst passage, torprevent fluid iiow therebetween within said body;Asaidlpair rof passages being communicativeeXter-iorlygofsaidMbody-'lwhen said packing means aresealed..againstthewell casing, 'to .pass fluid abetween said itubingf-s'tring and the interior of the .casing outside I said chamber; andcommon valve means slidable on the body and operable in response tomovement of said body in the casing for selectively controlling saidports.

13. In a well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing against the casing to form a pressurechamber extending`A about the body; means forming a rst passageextending through said body having an opening communicating the interiorof the casing outside the body above the upper packing means andcommunicating with the interior of the casing outside the body below thelower packing means through a first port in the wall of the body belowthe lower packing means; means forming a pair of passages, one of saidpassages extending through said body and communicating with said tubingstring and said chamber, the other of said passages of said pairextending through said body and communicating with said chamber and asecond port in the wall of the body outside said chamber, said pair ofpassages being sealed from each other as well as from said firstpassage. to prevent uid flow therebetween within said body; said pair ofpassages being communicative exteriorly of said body when said packingmeans are sealed against the well casing, to pass fluid between saidtubing string and the interior of the casing without said chamber, saidports being in spaced relation on said body, a valve sleeve movable onsaid body, having axially spaced portions sealing against said body,said sleeve being spaced from the body between said portions to providetherein between said portions a sealed chamber adapted to establishcommunication between said ports while said portions interruptcommunication between said ports and the interior of the casing in oneposition of said sleeve, said portions in other positions of said sleeveinterrupting communication between either or both of said ports and thechamber formed in the sleeve; and a plurality of elements on said sleevefrictionally engaging the casing, whereby said sleeve is operated tocontrol said ports in response to movement of said body relative to saidsleeve.

14. In a well tool: a body adapted for connection to a tubing string forpositioning in a well casing; a pair of vertically spaced packing meanscarried by the body for sealing against the casing to form a pressurechamber extending about the body; means on the body forming a rstpassage having openings communicable with the interior of the casingrespectively above and below said chamber for by-passing said packingmeans; means forming a pair of passages, one of said passages extendingthrough said body between and communicating with said tubing string andsaid chamber, the other of said passages of said pair extending betweenand communicating said chamber and an opening into the interior of saidcasing outside the chamber, said pair of passages being sealed from eachother and :fromsaid first passage' v to` preventi'lui'dl flow:therebetweenewithin .therbodyg 'said/i pair Vof passages fcommunicating.with each-other exteriorly ofsaidbody whensaid packing'means are sealedlagainst thelwell'ca'sing -tovpass luidbetween. said tubing;stringandLthednterior of the casing'outsideisaidschamber; and valvemeans slidable on the Abody ...between positions covering fanduncovering-saidlast mentioned opening in response tomovement ofsaid`body' inthe casing.

f :15. A tocltfor VconnectionV with a tubing-1 string ioroperationin awell casing; including abody carrying spaced upperiand lowerpacking-'membersfor-sealing withthecasing to form achamberaexter'iorlyoi.thebo'dy said body having a rst passage means forconducting uid between said string and'the chamber formed between saidpacking members, said body having a second passage means sealed from thefirst passage means for conducting iiuid between said chamber and a portin said body communicable with the interior of the casing outside saidchamber. means in the body forming a by-pass passage extending from aport in the body communicable with the interior of the casing below thelower packing member to an opening in the body communicable with theinterior of the casing above the upper packing member, and a valvemember movable on the body for selectively opening and closing saidports, said by-pass passage being communicable with said first andsecond passag means when said ports are open.

16. In a well tool for connection with a tubing string for operation ina well casing, a body, upper and lower packing means spacedly carried bythe body for sealing against the casing to form a chamber exteriorly ofthe body, said body having passage means forming a by-pass extendingfrom below the lower packing means to above the upper packing means, arst passage means in the body for communicating said string with thechamber formed between the upper and lower packing means, a secondpassage means in said body independent of said cy-pass for communicatingsaid chamber with the interior of the casing outside said chamber, and avalve member movable on the body for selectively controlling saidby-pass and said second passage means.

17. In a well tool adapted for use in a cased well: a body member havingspaced packing means thereon for sealing against the casing to form apressure chamber about said body; means in said body forming a by-passpassage for conimunicating an opening communicable with the interior ofthe casing spaced axially from one end of said chamber and without saidchamber, with a pair of ports communicable with the interior of thecasing without the chamber and spaced axially from the other end of saidchamber; optionally operable means for closing one of said ports; andautomatic means operable on the body for preventing fluid ow in onedirection through the other port, whereby said optionally operable meansis effective to prevent fluid flow through said by-pass in one directiononly.

'18. In a well tool, a tubular body adapted for connection with a tubingstring for positioning in a well casing: upper and lower packing meanssecured in spaced relation on said body for sealing with the casing toform a chamber exteriorly of said body, means closing the bore in saidbody to prevent communication of said bore with the tubing string; saidbody having an opening in the wall thereof above said upper packingmeans and a port through the wall thereof below said lower packing meansto form a by-pass past said upper and lower packing means, means forminga first passage in the body for communicating the tubing string with thechamber formed between said upper and lower packing means, means in thebody forming a second passage independent of said by-pass forcommunicating said chamber with a port through the wall of the bodylocated outside said chamber, and valve means movable on the body forselectively open ing and closing said ports.

CLAUDE C. TAYLOR.

EDGAR W. MCGAFFEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in lthe ille ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

